Kemikari oxidation nzira inzira yechinyakare yekugadzirira inowedzera girafu. Munzira iyi, natural flake graphite inosanganiswa neyakakodzera oxidant uye intercalating agent, inodzorwa pane imwe tembiricha, inogara ichibvongodzwa, uye yakashambidzwa, yakasefa uye yakaomeswa kuti iwane girafu inowedzerwa. Chemical oxidation nzira yave nzira yakakura muindasitiri ine zvakanakira zvekushandisa zviri nyore, kushanda kuri nyore uye mutengo wakaderera.
Matanho ekuita kwemakemikari oxidation anosanganisira oxidation uye intercalation.Iyo oxidation ye graphite ndiyo mamiriro ekutanga ekuumbwa kwegirafu rinowedzera, nokuti kana intercalation reaction inogona kuenderera mberi zvakanaka zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwekuvhura pakati pegirafu. tembiricha ine yakanakisa kugadzikana uye asidhi uye alkali kuramba, saka haina kuita neasidhi uye alkali, saka, kuwedzerwa kweoxidant kwave chinhu chakakosha chinodiwa mumakemikari oxidation.
Kune marudzi akawanda emaoxidants, anowanzo shandiswa maoxidants akasimba oxidants (se potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, chromium trioxide, potassium chlorate, etc.), anogona zvakare kuve mamwe oxidizing fluid oxidants (senge hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, nezvimwewo. ) Inowanikwa mumakore achangopfuura kuti potassium permanganate ndiyo huru oxidant inoshandiswa mukugadzirira kuwedzera graphite.
Pasi pechiito che oxidizer, graphite inoiswa oxidized uye iyo isina kwayakarerekera network macromolecules mu graphite layer inova planar macromolecules ine yakanaka charge. Nekuda kwezvinosemesa zvechaji imwechete yakanaka, chinhambwe chiri pakati pezvikamu zvegraphite chinowedzera, chinopa chiteshi uye nzvimbo kuti intercalator ipinde mu graphite layer zvakanaka. Mugadziriro yegadziriro yekuwedzera graphite, iyo intercalating agent inonyanya asidhi. Mumakore achangopfuura, vatsvakurudzi vanonyanya kushandisa sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, perchloric acid, yakasanganiswa asidhi uye glacial acetic acid.
Electrochemical nzira iri mune inogara iripo, ine aqueous mhinduro yekuisa se electrolyte, graphite uye simbi zvinhu (stainless simbi, platinamu ndiro, lead plate, titanium plate, nezvimwewo) inoumba anode inosanganiswa, simbi zvinhu zvinoiswa mu electrolyte se cathode, kuumba chivharo chakavharwa; Kana kuti girafu rakaturikwa mu electrolyte, ari electrolyte panguva imwe chete akaisa mundiro yakaipa uye yakanaka, kubudikidza electrodes maviri vane simba nzira, anodic oxidation. Pamusoro pe graphite yakasvibiswa kune carbocation. Panguva imwecheteyo, pasi pechiito chakabatanidzwa che electrostatic kukwezva uye mutsauko wekusangana, asidhi ion kana imwe polar intercalant ions inoiswa pakati pemagirafu akaturikidzana kuti aite expandable graphite.
Kuenzaniswa nekemikari oxidation nzira, iyo electrochemical nzira yekugadzira girafu inowedzeredzwa mukuita kwese pasina kushandisa oxidant, huwandu hwekurapa hwakakura, huwandu hwasara hwezvinhu zvinoparadza idiki, iyo electrolyte inogona kudzokororwa mushure mekuita, huwandu hweasidhi hunoderedzwa, mutengo unochengetedzwa, kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwakadzikira, kukuvadzwa kwemidziyo kwakadzikira, uye hupenyu hwebasa hunowedzera. mabhizinesi mazhinji ane akawanda mabhenefiti.
Iyo gasi-phase diffusion nzira ndeyekuburitsa girafu rinowedzera nekubata iyo intercalator ine graphite mune gaseous fomu uye intercalating reaction.Kazhinji, iyo graphite uye yekuisa inoiswa kumigumo yese yekupisa isingadziviri girazi reactor, uye vacuum inopomba uye yakavharwa, saka inozivikanwawo seyo nzira yemakamuri maviri.Iyi nzira inowanzoshandiswa kugadzira halide -EG uye alkali metal -EG muindasitiri.
Zvakanakira: chimiro uye kurongeka kweiyo reactor inogona kudzorwa, uye reactants uye zvigadzirwa zvinogona kupatsanurwa nyore.
Zvakaipa: mudziyo wekuita wakanyanya kuomarara, mashandiro acho akanyanya kuoma, saka kuburitsa kwacho kushoma, uye maitiro anofanirwa kuitwa pasi pemamiriro ekushisa kwakanyanya, nguva yakareba, uye mamiriro ekuita akanyanya, nzvimbo yekugadzirira inofanirwa. kuve vacuum, saka mutengo wekugadzira wakakwira, hauna kukodzera hukuru-hukuru hwekugadzira maapplication.
Iyo yakasanganiswa yemvura chikamu nzira ndeyekusanganisa zvakananga zvinhu zvakaiswa negraphite, pasi pekuchengetedzwa kwekufamba kweinert gasi kana yekuisa chisimbiso yekudziya maitiro kugadzirira inowedzera girafu. Inowanzoshandiswa pakugadzirwa kwealkali metal-graphite interlaminar compounds (GICs).
Zvakanakira: Maitiro ekuita ari nyore, kumhanya kwekuita kunokurumidza, nekushandura reshiyo yegirafu zvigadzirwa uye kuisa zvinogona kusvika kune imwe chimiro uye kuumbwa kweanowedzera graphite, akakodzera kugadzirwa kwakawanda.
Kukanganisa: Chigadzirwa chakaumbwa hachina kugadzikana, zvakaoma kutarisana nemahara akaiswa chinhu chakasungirirwa pamusoro peGICs, uye zvakaoma kuvimbisa kuwirirana kwegraphite interlamellar compounds kana nhamba huru ye synthesis.
Nzira yekunyunguduka ndeyekusanganisa graphite nezvinhu zvinopindirana uye kupisa kugadzirira kuwedzera graphite.Kubva pakuti eutectic zvikamu zvinogona kuderedza kunyunguduka kwegadziriro (pazasi pekunyungudika kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe), inzira yekugadzirira ternary kana multicomponent GICs nekuisa zvinhu zviviri kana kupfuura (zvinofanira kukwanisa kugadzira munyu wakanyungudutswa) pakati pemagirafu akaturikidzana panguva imwe chete.Kazhinji anoshandiswa mukugadzirira kwesimbi chlorides - GICs.
Zvakanakira: Iyo synthesis chigadzirwa chine kugadzikana kwakanaka, nyore kugeza, nyore kuita chishandiso, yakaderera kuita tembiricha, nguva pfupi, yakakodzera kugadzirwa kwakakura.
Zvakaipa: zvakaoma kudzora kurongeka kwechimiro uye kuumbwa kwechigadzirwa mukuita maitiro, uye zvakaoma kuve nechokwadi chekuenderana kweiyo kurongeka kwechimiro uye kuumbwa kwechigadzirwa muhukuru synthesis.
Iyo yakamanikidzwa nzira ndeyekusanganisa graphite matrix nealkaline pasi simbi uye isingawanzo pasi simbi poda uye kuita kuti igadzire M-GICS pasi pekumanikidzwa kwemamiriro.
Kukanganisa: Chete kana mhute yekumanikidza yesimbi inodarika imwe chikumbaridzo, iyo yekuisa reaction inogona kuitwa; Zvisinei, tembiricha yakanyanyisa, zviri nyore kuita kuti simbi uye graphite iite carbides, negative reaction, saka the reaction tembiricha inofanira kudzorwa mune imwe range.The yekuisa tembiricha yerare earth metals yakakwira zvakanyanya, saka pressure inofanira kuiswa kuderedza kuita tembiricha.Iyi nzira inokodzera kugadzirira kwesimbi-GICS ine yakaderera kunyungudika, asi mudziyo wakaoma uye oparesheni inodiwa yakasimba, saka haichawanzo shandiswa ikozvino.
Inoputika nzira inowanzoshandisa graphite uye yekuwedzera agent yakadai seKClO4, Mg(ClO4)2·nH2O, Zn(NO3)2·nH2O pyropyros kana misanganiswa yakagadzirwa, kana ichipisa, graphite ichaita panguva imwe chete oxidation uye intercalation reaction cambium compound, iyo inobva yadaro. yakawedzerwa nenzira "inoputika", nokudaro kuwana yakawedzerwa graphite.Kana simbi yemunyu inoshandiswa sekuwedzera mumiririri, chigadzirwa chacho chinonyanya kuoma, icho chisina kungowedzera graphite, asiwo simbi.
