Chemakemikari oxidation nzira inzira yechinyakare yekugadzirira kuwedzerwa graphite. Nenzira iyi, yakasikwa flake graphite inosanganiswa neyakakodzera oxidant uye inopindirana mumiririri, inodzorwa pane imwe tembiricha, inogara ichimutswa, uye kugezwa, kusefa uye kuomeswa kuti iwane grafiti inowanda. Kemikari oxidation nzira yave nzira yakati kurei muindasitiri nezvakanakira michina yakapusa, mashandiro uye mutengo wakaderera.
Iyo nhanho yekuita yemakemikari oxidation inosanganisira oxidation uye intercalation. Iyo oxidation ye graphite ndiyo yakakosha mamiriro ekuumbwa kweanowedzerwa graphite, nekuti kunyangwe iyo intercalation reaction inogona kuenderera mushe zvinoenderana nedanho rekuvhura pakati peiyo graphite matanda Uye iyo yakasikwa graphite mumba tembiricha ine kugadzikana kwakanyanya uye acid uye alkali kuramba, saka haina kuita neacid uye alkali, nekudaro, kuwedzerwa kweiyo oxidant kwave chinhu chakakosha chinhu mune kemikari oxidation.
Kune akawanda marudzi emaoidhijeni, anowanzo shandiswa maoidants maokisheni akasimba (senge potassium permanganate, potasium dichromate, chromium trioxide, potasium chlorate, nezvimwewo), inogona zvakare kunge iri mamwe maokisidizi emvura (sehydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, nezvimwe. ). Inowanikwa mumakore achangopfuura kuti potasium permanganate ndiyo yakakosha oxid inoshandiswa kugadzirira kuwedzerwa graphite.
Pasi pechiito chei oxidizer, graphite inogadzirwa uye isina kwayakarerekera macromolecule mu graphite layer inova macarolecule ane planar anechaji yakanaka. Nekuda kwemhedzisiro inonyangadza yemutengo iwoyo wakanaka, chinhambwe pakati pezvikamu zve graphite chinowedzera, icho chinopa chiteshi uye nzvimbo yeanopinza kuti apinde girafu graphite zvakanaka. Mukugadzirira kwekuwedzera kwe graphite, iyo inopindirana mumiririri inonyanya acid. Mumakore apfuura, vaongorori vanonyanya kushandisa sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, perchloric acid, yakavhenganiswa acid uye glacial acetic acid.
Electrochemical nzira iri mune inogara iripo, ine aqueous mhinduro yeiyo yekuisa se electrolyte, graphite uye simbi zvinhu (isina simbi zvinhu, platinamu ndiro, lead ndiro, titanium ndiro, nezvimwewo) zvinoumba hwakawanda anode, simbi zvinhu zvakaiswa mukati electrolyte se cathode, ichigadzira yakavharwa chiuno; Kana iyo graphite yakaturikwa muiyo electrolyte, mune iyo electrolyte panguva imwechete yakaiswa mune isina kunaka uye yakanaka ndiro, kuburikidza nemaviri maelektroni anopihwa simba nzira, anodic oxidation. Iko pamusoro pe graphite kunosanganiswa kune carbocation. Panguva imwecheteyo, pasi pechiitiko chakabatanidzwa chekukwezva kwemagetsi uye kusanganisa musiyano, acid ions kana imwe polar inopindirana ion inoiswa pakati pezvikamu zve graphite kuti iite graphite inowanda.
Zvichienzaniswa nekemikari oxidation nzira, iyo electrochemical nzira yekugadzirira expansable graphite mune yese maitiro pasina kushandisa oxidant, iyo yekurapa huwandu hwakakura, iyo inosara huwandu hweyakanganisa zvinhu idiki, iyo electrolyte inogona kudzokororwa mushure mekuita, huwandu hweasidhi hwaderedzwa, mutengo unochengetwa, kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwaderedzwa, kukuvara kwemidziyo kwakadzikira, uye hupenyu hwebasa hwakawedzerwa.Mumakore achangopfuura, nzira yemagetsi yemagetsi yakave zvishoma nezvishoma ikava nzira inosarudzika yekugadzirira graphite yakawedzera mabhizinesi mazhinji ane zvakawanda zvakanaka.
Iyo gasi-chikamu nzira yekupararira ndeye kuburitsa grafiti inokwenenzverwa nekubata iyo inopindira ne graphite mune gaseous fomu uye intercalating reaction.Zvakawanda, iyo graphite uye iyo yekuisa inoiswa kumagumo ese eanopisa-asingagone girazi reactor, uye iyo vharuvhu inoputirwa uye chisimbiso, saka inozivikanwawo senzira mbiri dzemakamuri.Iyi nzira inowanzo shandiswa kugadzira halide -EG uye alkali simbi -EG mumhizha.
Zvakanakira: chimiro uye kurongeka kweiyo reactor inogona kudzorwa, uye izvo zvinogadzirisa uye zvigadzirwa zvinogona kupatsanurwa zviri nyore.
Kukanganisa: iyo yekushandisa mudziyo yakanyanya kuomarara, iko kuvhiya kwakanyanya kuomarara, saka kubuda kwacho kunogumira, uye maitiro anoitwa pasi pemamiriro ekushisa akakwirira, nguva yacho iri yakareba, uye mamiriro ekuita akanyanya kwazvo, gadziriro yekugadzirira inofanirwa vharafu, saka mutengo wekugadzira wakanyanya kukwirira, hauna kukodzera kumashandisirwo makuru ekugadzira.
Iyo yakavhenganiswa yemvura chikamu nzira ndeyekusanganisa zvakananga iyo yakaiswa zvinhu ne graphite, pasi pekudzivirirwa kwekufamba kweiyo inert gasi kana yekuisa chisimbiso sisitimu yekupisa kuita kuti igadzire inowedzerwa graphite. Iyo inowanzo shandiswa kune iyo synthesis yealkali simbi-grafiti inopindirana macomputer (GICs).
Zvakanakira: Kuita kwacho kuri nyore, iko kumhanyisa kumhanya kuri nekukurumidza, nekuchinja chiyero che graphite mbishi zvinhu uye inoisa inogona kusvika kune chimwe chimiro uye kuumbwa kweiyo inogona kuwedzerwa graphite, inokodzera kugadzirwa kwemazhinji.
Kukanganisa: Chigadzirwa chakagadzirwa hachina kugadzikana, zvinonetsa kubata nechinhu chemahara chakaiswa pamusoro peGICs, uye zvinonetsa kuona kuenderana kwemakomputa e graphite interlamellar kana huwandu hwakawanda hwe synthesis.
Iyo nzira yekunyungudika kusanganisa graphite ine inopindirana zvinhu uye kupisa kugadzirira inokwanisika graphite. Kubva pane chokwadi chekuti eutectic zvinoriumba zvinogona kudzikisira nzvimbo yekunyunguduka yeiyo system (pazasi pechinonyungudika chechinhu chimwe nechimwe), inzira yekugadzirira ternary kana multicomponent maGICs nekuisa maviri kana anopfuura zvinhu (izvo zvinofanirwa kukwanisa kugadzira yakanyungudutswa system yemunyu) pakati pe graphite matari panguva imwe chete.
Zvakanakira: Iyo yekutanga chigadzirwa ine kugadzikana kwakanaka, nyore kushamba, yakapusa reaction kifaa, yakaderera reaction tembiricha, ipfupi nguva, yakakodzera kune yakakura-pamwero kugadzirwa.
Kukanganisa: Izvo zvakaoma kudzora mamiriro ehurongwa uye kuumbwa kwechigadzirwa mune yekuita maitiro, uye zvinonetsa kuona kuenderana kwehurongwa hwehurongwa uye kuumbwa kwechigadzirwa muhukuru synthesis.
Iyo nzira yekumanikidza ndeyekusanganisa graphite matrix ine alkaline pasi simbi uye isingawanzo pasi yesimbi hupfu uye kuita kuti ibudise M-GICS pasi pekumanikidzwa mamiriro.
Kukanganisa: Kana chete mweya wemhepo uchinge wapfuura chimwe chikumbaridzo, iyo yekuisa maitiro inogona kuitiswa; Nekudaro, iyo tembiricha yakanyanya kukwirira, zviri nyore kukonzeresa simbi uye graphite kuti iumbe macarbides, maitiro asina kunaka, saka tembiricha yekuita inofanirwa kugadziriswa mune imwe nhanho. Iyi nzira yakakodzera kugadzirirwa kwesimbi-GICS ine yakaderera kusungunuka poindi, asi chishandiso chakaomarara uye mashandiro ekushandisa akaomarara, saka haawanzo shandiswa ikozvino.
Nzira yekuputika inowanzo shandisa graphite uye yekuwedzera mumiririri senge KClO4, Mg (ClO4) 2 · nH2O, Zn (NO3) 2 · nH2O pyropyros kana musanganiswa wakagadzirirwa, kana wapisa, graphite ichaita panguva imwe chete oxidation uye intercalation reaction cambium compound, inova iyo Yakawedzerwa nenzira "inoputika", nokudaro ichiwedzera graphite. Kana simbi yemunyu ichishandiswa senge yekuwedzera mumiririri, chigadzirwa chinonyanya kuomarara, icho chisina kungowedzera graphite, asiwo simbi.
