Nezve kuwanikwa uye kushandiswa kweflake graphite, kune nyaya yakanyatsonyorwa, apo bhuku rinonzi Shuijing Zhu ndiro rokutanga, rakati "kune gomo regraphite pedyo neRwizi rwaLuoshui". Matombo acho ese matema, saka mabhuku anogona kuve mashoma, saka ane mukurumbira wegraphite. ” Zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo zvinoratidza kuti makore anopfuura 3 000 apfuura muShang Dynasty, China yakashandisa graphite kunyora mavara, ayo akagara kusvika pakupera kweEastern Han Dynasty (AD 220). Graphite seinki yebhuku yakatsiviwa neingi yepine fodya. Munguva yeDaoguang nguva yeQing Dynasty (AD 1821-1850), varimi muChenzhou, Hunan Province vakachera flake graphite sehuni, iyo yainzi "oiri kabhoni".
Zita reChirungu rokuti Graphite rinobva pashoko rechiGiriki rokuti "graphite in", zvinoreva "kunyora". Yakatumidzwa neGerman chemist uye mineralogist AGWerner muna 1789.
Iyo molecular formula ye flake graphite ndeye C uye iyo molecular uremu ndeye 12.01. Natural graphite isimbi nhema uye simbi grey, ine mitsetse mitema inopenya, metallic luster uye opacity. Iyo kristaro ndeyekirasi yakaoma hexagonal biconical crystals, ari hexagonal ndiro makristasi. Iwo akajairwa simplex mafomu anosanganisira akaenzana maviri-sided, hexagonal biconical uye hexagonal makoramu, asi iyo intact crystal fomu haawanzo, uye kazhinji ine makwapa kana ndiro-yakaumbwa. Parameters: a0=0.246nm, c0=0.670nm Chimiro chakajairwa, umo maatomu ekabhoni anorongwa muzvikamu, uye kabhoni yega yega yakabatana nekabhoni iri padyo, uye kabhoni mune yega yega yakarongwa mumhete ine hexagonal. Mhete dzine hexagonal dzekabhoni dziri kumusoro nedzezasi dzakatevedzana dzakachinjika dzinotamiswa munzira inofambirana nendege yemambure uye yobva yaturikidzwa kuita chiumbwa chakaiswa. Mafambiro akasiyana uye madaro ekutama anotungamira kune akasiyana mapolymorphic zvimiro. Nhambwe iri pakati pemaatomu ecarbon muzvikamu zvekumusoro nezasi zvakakurisa kudarika iri pakati pemaatomu ecarbon ari muchikamu chimwe chete (CC spacing in layers =0.142nm, CC spacing between layer =0.340nm). 2.09-2.23 chaiyo giravhiti uye 5-10m2/g chaiyo nzvimbo. Iyo yakaoma ndeye anisotropic, iyo yakatwasuka cleavage ndege ndeye 3-5, uye parallel cleavage ndege ndeye 1-2. Aggregates kazhinji ane scaly, lumpy uye ivhu. Graphite flake ine yakanaka magetsi uye yekupisa conductivity. Iwo mamineral flakes anowanzo kuve opaque pasi pechiedza chinofambiswa, akanyanya kutetepa flakes ari akajeka-grey, uniaxial, ane refractive index ye1.93 ~ 2.07. Pasi pechiedza chakaratidzwa, iwo akajeka-ruvara rwegrey, ane kuratidzira kuri pachena multicolor, Ro grey nebrown, Re rima bhuruu grey, reflectivity Ro23 (tsvuku), Re5.5 (tsvuku), pachena kuratidzwa ruvara uye kaviri kuratidza, yakasimba heterogeneity uye polarization. . Kuzivikanwa maficha: simbi nhema, yakaderera kuomarara, boka rekunyanya kutsemuka, kuchinjika, kutsvedza kunzwa, nyore kusvibisa maoko. Kana zinc zvimedu zvakanyoroveswa nemhangura sulfate mhinduro yakaiswa pagraphite, simbi yemhangura mavara anogona kudonha, nepo molybdenite yakafanana nayo haina kuita kwakadaro.
Graphite is allotrope of elemental carbon (mamwe allotropes anosanganisira diamond, kabhoni 60, kabhoni nanotubes uye graphene), uye periphery yekabhoni atomu imwe neimwe yakabatana nemamwe matatu matatu maatomu ecarbon (kuwanda kwemahexagoni akarongwa muchimiro chehuchi) kuita covalent. mamorekuru. Sezvo atomu imwe neimwe yekabhoni ichiburitsa erekitironi, maerekitironi iwayo anogona kufamba akasununguka, saka flake graphite imagetsi conductor. Cleavage plane inotongwa nemamolecular bond, ayo asina kusimba kukwezva kumamorekuru, saka kutenderera kwayo kwechisikigo kwakanaka kwazvo. Nekuda kweiyo yakakosha yekubatanidza modhi yeflake graphite, hatigone kufunga kuti flake graphite ikristaro imwechete kana polycrystal. Iye zvino zvinowanzoonekwa kuti flake graphite imhando yekristaro yakasanganiswa.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-04-2022