Flake graphite isimbi isingadzokerike isingawanzo wanikwa, iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemazuva ano uye yakakosha hurongwa hwekushandisa. European Union yakanyora graphene, chigadzirwa chakapedzwa chekugadzira graphite, sechirongwa chitsva chehunyanzvi mune ramangwana, uye yakanyora graphite seimwe yemhando gumi neina dze "upenyu-ne-rufu" kushomeka zvicherwa. IUnited States inonyora flake graphite zviwanikwa seyakakosha mineral raw materials kumaindasitiri epamusoro-soro. China magirafu reserves anoita 70% yenyika, uye ndiyo hombe magraphite reserve uye anotengesera kunze kwenyika. Zvisinei, kune matambudziko akawanda mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu, zvakadai semarara emigodhi, kushandiswa kwakaderera kwehuwandu hwezviwanikwa uye kukanganisa kwakakomba kwezvakatipoteredza. Kushaikwa kwezviwanikwa uye mutengo wekunze wemhoteredzo hauratidzi kukosha chaiko. Matambudziko anotevera ekugovana eFuruite graphite edhita anonyanya kuratidzwa mune zvinotevera zvinhu:
Kutanga, mutero wezvishandiso unoda kugadziriswa nekukurumidza. Mutero wakaderera: Mutero wekuChina wemazuva ano graphite resource mutero i3 yuan patani, iyo yakareruka uye isingaratidzi kushomeka kwezviwanikwa uye mutengo wekunze wenharaunda. Zvichienzaniswa neasingawanzo pasi ane yakafanana mineral kushomeka uye kukosha, mushure mekugadzirisa isingawanzo pasi resource mutero, kwete chete zvinhu zvemutero zvakanyorwa zvakasiyana, asiwo mutero wemutero unosimudzwa kanopfuura ka10. Nekuenzanisa kutaura, mutero wekushandisa weflake graphite wakaderera. Single tax rate: mitemo yemazuva ano pamusoro pemutero wezvishandiso ine mutero mumwechete we graphite ore, iyo isina kugoverwa maererano nemhando yemhando uye rudzi rwe graphite, uye haigoni kuratidza basa remutero wezviwanikwa mukugadzirisa mari yekusiyanisa. Hazvisi zvesayenzi kuverenga nehuwandu hwekutengesa: inotarirwa nehuwandu hwekutengesa, kwete nehuwandu hwemaminerari anocherwa, pasina kufunga nezvemubhadharo wekukuvadza kwezvakatipoteredza, kuvandudza kunzwisisika kwezvinhu, mari yekuvandudza uye kupera kwezvinhu.
Chechipiri, kutumira kunze kune chakanyanya. China ndiyo inogadzira pasi rose ye natural flake graphite uye yagara iri iyo huru yekutengesera kunze kwezvinhu zvakasikwa magirafu zvigadzirwa. Mukupesana zvakanyanya neChina chekushandisa zvakanyanya zviwanikwa zveflake graphite, nyika dzakabudirira, idzo dziri kutungamira muhunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvegraphite zvakadzika, dzinoshandisa zano re "kutenga pachinzvimbo chekuchera" magirafu echisikigo uye kuvhara tekinoroji. Semusika mukuru wegraphite muChina, zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zveJapan zvinoita 32.6% yeChina inotengeswa kunze kwenyika, uye chikamu cheiyo inotengeswa kunze kwenyika inonyura pasi pegungwa; South Korea, kune rumwe rutivi, yakavhara migodhi yayo pachayo yegraphite uye yakapinza nhamba huru yezvigadzirwa nemitengo yakaderera; Huwandu hwegore negore hwekuunza kunze kwenyika hweUnited States hunoita 10.5% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekutengesa kunze kweChina, uye zviwanikwa zvayo zvegraphite zvinodzivirirwa nemutemo.
Chechitatu, kugadzirisa kwakanyanyisa. Zvinhu zve graphite zvine hukama zvakanyanya nehukuru hwezviyero zvayo. Saizi dzakasiyana dzeflake graphite dzine mashandisiro akasiyana, nzira dzekugadzirisa uye minda yekushandisa. Parizvino, pane kushaikwa kwekutsvagisa nezve graphite ore tekinoroji ine hunhu hwakasiyana muChina, uye kugoverwa kwezviwanikwa zvegraphite zvine zviyero zvakasiyana hazvisati zvazivikanwa, uye hapana inoenderana yakadzika nzira yekugadzirisa. Kudzoreredza mwero we graphite beneficiation yakaderera, uye goho rehombe flake graphite rakaderera. Hunhu hwezvishandiso hahuna kujeka, uye nzira yekugadzira ndeye imwe chete. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo yakakura-mwero flake graphite haigone kuchengetedzwa zvine hungwaru uye diki-mwero flake graphite haigone kushandiswa zvinobudirira panguva yekugadziriswa, zvichikonzera kuraswa kukuru kwezvinhu zvakakosha zvehurongwa.
Chechina, mutsauko wemutengo pakati pekupinza uye kunze kwenyika unoshamisa. Zvizhinji zvezvakasikwa flake graphite zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa muChina ndizvo zvakanyanya kugadzirwa zvigadzirwa, uye kutsvagisa nekusimudzira uye kugadzirwa kwemhando yepamusoro-yakawedzerwa zvigadzirwa zviri pachena kushomeka. Tora yakakwira kuchena graphite semuenzaniso, nyika dzekunze dzinotungamira mukuchena kwepamusoro graphite neadzo tekinoroji zvakanakira, uye inovharira nyika yedu mune graphite yepamusoro-tech zvigadzirwa. Parizvino, China yakakwira kuchena graphite tekinoroji haigone kusvika pakuchena kwe99.95%, uye kuchena kwe99.99% kana kupfuura kunogona kungotsamira zvakakwana kune kunze kwenyika. Muna 2011, avhareji mutengo we natural flake graphite muChina waive we4,000 yuan/ton, nepo mutengo weinopfuura 99.99% wakatengwa kubva kune yakakwira kuchena graphite wakapfuura 200,000 yuan/ton, uye mutengo wakasiyana waishamisa.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-27-2023