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Mubasa iri, rGO/nZVI macomposites akagadzirwa kekutanga achishandisa nzira iri nyore uye ine hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza uchishandisa Sophora yero yeshizha inobvisa sechinhu chinoderedza uye inodzikamisa kuti ienderane nemisimboti ye "green" chemistry, senge isinganyanye kukuvadza kemikari synthesis. Zvishandiso zvakati wandei zvakashandiswa kusimbisa iyo yakabudirira synthesis yemakombisi, akadai SEM, EDX, XPS, XRD, FTIR, uye zeta zvinogona, izvo zvinoratidza kubudirira kugadzirwa kwemubatanidzwa. Kugona kubvisa kwenovel composites uye yakachena NZVI panguva dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutanga dzemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya doxycycline yakaenzaniswa nekuongorora synergistic effect pakati perGO neNZVI. Pasi pemamiriro ekubvisa e25mg L-1, 25°C uye 0.05g, adsorptive kubvisa mwero wepure NZVI waiva 90%, ukuwo adsorptive kubvisa doxycycline nerGO/nZVI composite yakasvika 94.6%, zvichisimbisa kuti NZVI nerGO. . Nzira yekushambadza inofananidzwa nechirevo chepseudo-yechipiri uye inobvumirana zvakanaka nemuenzaniso weFreundlich nehupamhi hwepamusoro hwe 31.61 mg g-1 pa 25 ° C uye pH 7. Nzira inonzwisisika yekubvisa DC yakarongwa. Uye zvakare, iyo reusability yerGO/nZVI inoumbwa yaive 60% mushure mematanhatu akateedzana ekuzvarwa patsva.
Kushaikwa kwemvura uye kusvibiswa zvino tyisidziro yakakomba kunyika dzose. Mumakore achangopfuura, kusvibiswa kwemvura, kunyanya kusvibiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, kwakawedzera nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekugadzirwa uye kushandiswa panguva yeCOVID-19 denda1,2,3. Nokudaro, kugadzirwa kwekombiyuta inobudirira yekubviswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya mumvura yakasviba ibasa rinokurumidza.
Imwe yemishonga inopikisa semi-synthetic antibiotics kubva muboka retetracycline inonzi doxycycline (DC)4,5. Zvave zvichishumwa kuti DC zvakasara mumvura yepasi uye pamusoro pemvura haigoni kugadziriswa, chete 20-50% inogadziriswa uye iyo yose inosunungurwa mumhepo, zvichikonzera matambudziko makuru ezvakatipoteredza uye utano6.
Kuratidzwa kuDC pamazinga akaderera kunogona kuuraya hutachiona hwemvura yephotosynthetic, kutyisidzira kupararira kwehutachiona hwehutachiona, uye kuwedzera antimicrobial resistance, saka tsvina iyi inofanira kubviswa kubva mumvura yakasviba. Kuparara kwechisikigo kweDC mumvura inzira inononoka. Physico-kemikari maitiro akadai se photolysis, biodegradation uye adsorption inogona kungodzikisira pane yakaderera uye pamwero wakaderera kwazvo7,8. Nekudaro, iyo yakanyanya hupfumi, yakapusa, ine hushamwari nharaunda, iri nyore kubata uye inoshanda nzira ndeye adsorption9,10.
Nano zero valent iron (nZVI) chinhu chine simba zvikuru chinogona kubvisa mishonga yakawanda inorwisa mabhakitiriya mumvura, kusanganisira metronidazole, diazepam, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, uye tetracycline. Kugona uku kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvinoshamisa izvo NZVI inazvo, zvakadai sepamusoro reactivity, nzvimbo huru yepamusoro, uye nzvimbo dzakawanda dzekunze dzinosunga11. Nekudaro, NZVI inokonzeresa kuunganidzwa mune aqueous media nekuda kwevan der Wells masimba uye yakakwirira magineti zvinhu, izvo zvinoderedza kushanda kwayo mukubvisa zvinosvibisa nekuda kwekuumbwa kweokisidhi layers inodzivisa reactivity yeNZVI10,12. Iyo agglomeration yezvimedu zveNZVI inogona kuderedzwa nekugadzirisa nzvimbo dzadzo nezvinogadzirwa uye mapolymers kana nekuasanganisa nemamwe nanomaterials muchimiro checomposites, iyo yakaratidza kuva nzira inoshanda yekuvandudza kugadzikana kwavo munharaunda13,14.
Graphene i-two-dimensional kabhoni nanomaterial inosanganisira sp2-hybridized carbon maatomu akarongedzerwa mulatisi yehuchi. Iyo ine nzvimbo yakakura yepasi, yakakosha simba remagetsi, yakanakisa electrocatalytic chiitiko, yakakwira yekupisa conductivity, inokurumidza maerekitironi kufamba, uye yakakodzera inotakura zvinhu kutsigira inorganic nanoparticles pamusoro payo. Iko kusanganiswa kwesimbi nanoparticles uye graphene kunogona kudarika zvakanyanya kubatsirwa kwega kwega kwechinhu chimwe nechimwe uye, nekuda kwehukuru hwayo hwemuviri uye makemikari zvimiro, zvinopa kugovera kwakaringana kwenanoparticles kuti iwedzere kushanda kwemvura kurapwa15.
Zvimedu zvemiti ndiyo yakanakisa imwe nzira kune inokuvadza makemikari ekudzikisa maajenti anowanzoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kweyakaderedzwa graphene oxide (rGO) uye NZVI nekuti inowanikwa, isingadhure, nhanho imwe, yakachengeteka kwezvakatipoteredza, uye inogona kushandiswa seanoderedza vamiririri. kufanana neflavonoids uye phenolic compounds inoshandawo sekugadzirisa. Nokudaro, Atriplex halimus L. mashizha emashizha akashandiswa sekugadzirisa nekuvhara mumiririri wekugadzirwa kwerGO / nZVI composites muchidzidzo ichi. Atriplex halimus kubva kumhuri Amaranthaceae is a nitrogen-loving perennial shrub ine hupamhi hwenzvimbo16.
Maererano nezvinyorwa zviripo, Atriplex halimus (A. halimus) yakatanga kushandiswa kugadzira rGO/nZVI macomposites senzira ine hupfumi uye inochengetedza zvakatipoteredza. Nokudaro, chinangwa chebasa iri chine zvikamu zvina: (1) phytosynthesis yerGO/nZVI uye yevabereki NZVI composites vachishandisa A. halimus aquatic leaf extract, (2) maitiro e phytosynthesized composite vachishandisa nzira dzakawanda kusimbisa kugadzirwa kwavo kwakabudirira, (3) ) dzidza synergistic effect yeRGO neNZVI mukushambadza uye kubviswa kwezvakasvibiswa zvedoxycycline mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya pasi pemaitiro akasiyana-siyana, kugadzirisa mamiriro ekugadzirisa maitiro, (3) kuongorora zvinhu zvakasanganiswa mukurapa kwakasiyana-siyana kunopfuurira mushure mekugadzirisa.
Doxycycline hydrochloride (DC, MM = 480.90, chimiro chemakemikari C22H24N2O·HCl, 98%), iron chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3.6H2O, 97%), graphite powder yakatengwa kubva kuSigma-Aldrich, USA. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 97%), ethanol (C2H5OH, 99.9%) uye hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%) yakatengwa kubva kuMerck, USA. NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MnCl2 neMgCl2 zvakatengwa kubva kuTianjin Comio Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Zvose zvinogadzirisa zvine hutsanana hwepamusoro. Mvura yakanyungudutswa kaviri yakashandiswa kugadzira mishonga yese ine aqueous.
Vanomiririra zvienzaniso zveA. halimus vakaunganidzwa kubva munzvimbo yavo yechisikigo muNile Delta uye nyika dziri pedyo nemhenderekedzo yeMediterranean yeEgypt. Zvekudyara zvakaunganidzwa zvinoenderana nemitemo yenyika nepasirese17. Prof. Manal Fawzi vakadoma mbesa dzezvirimwa maererano neBoulos18, uye Dhipatimendi reEnvironment Sayenzi repaAlexandria University rinobvumidza kuunganidzwa kwemhando dzemiti dzakadzidzwa nechinangwa chesainzi. Sample mavhocha anoitirwa paTanta University Herbarium (TANE), mavhocha nhamba. 14 122–14 127, yeruzhinji herbarium inopa mukana kune zvakaiswa zvinhu. Mukuwedzera, kubvisa guruva kana tsvina, cheka mashizha emuti muzvidimbu zviduku, simbura katatu nepombi uye mvura yakasvibiswa, uye woomesa pa50 ° C. Chimiro chakapwanyika, 5 g yehupfu hwakatsetseka yakanyudzwa mu 100 ml yemvura yakasvibiswa uye yakasvibiswa pa70 ° C kwemaminitsi makumi maviri kuti iwane chidimbu. Iyo yakawanikwa yakatorwa yeBacillus nicotianae yakasefa kuburikidza neWhatman sefa bepa uye yakachengetwa muchene uye sterilized chubhu pa 4 ° C kuti ishandiswe zvakare.
Sezvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1, iyo GO yakagadzirwa kubva kugraphite poda neiyo yakagadziridzwa nzira yeHummers. 10 mg yeGO powder yakaparadzirwa mu 50 ml yemvura yakasvibiswa ye30 min pasi pe sonication, uye ipapo 0.9 g yeFeCl3 uye 2.9 g yeNaAc yakasanganiswa 60 min. 20 ml yeatriplex yeshizha yakatorwa yakawedzerwa kune yakavhenganiswa nekugadzirisa uye yakasiiwa pa80 ° C kwemaawa masere. Kumiswa kweblack kwakazoitwa kwakasefa. Iyo nanocomposites yakagadzirwa yakashambidzwa ne ethanol uye bidistilled mvura ndokuzoomeswa muvheni yevacuum pa50 ° C kwemaawa gumi nemaviri.
Schematic nedigital mafoto egirinhi synthesis yerGO/nZVI uye NZVI macomplexes uye kubviswa kweDC mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kubva mumvura ine hutachiona uchishandisa Atriplex halimus yakatorwa.
Muchidimbu, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 1, 10 ml ye iron chloride solution ine 0.05 M Fe3+ ions yakawedzerwa inodonha kusvika ku 20 ml yemushonga wemashizha anovava kwemaminitsi makumi matanhatu nekupisa zvine mwero uye kubvongodza, uye zvino mushonga wacho wakabva waiswa mukati. 14,000 rpm (Hermle, 15,000 rpm) kwemaminetsi gumi nemashanu kuti ape zvimedu zvitema, izvo zvakabva zvashambidzwa 3 nguva ne ethanol uye mvura yakasvibiswa ndokuzoomeswa muvheni yevacuum pa60 ° C. usiku hwose.
Plant-synthesized rGO/nZVI uye nZVI macomposites airatidzwa neUV-inooneka spectroscopy (T70/T80 series UV/Vis spectrophotometers, PG Instruments Ltd, UK) mu scanning range ye200-800 nm. Kuongorora mamiriro enzvimbo uye kugoverwa kwehukuru hwerGO/nZVI nenZVI anoumbwa, TEM spectroscopy (JOEL, JEM-2100F, Japan, accelerating voltage 200 kV) yakashandiswa. Kuongorora mapoka anoshanda ayo anogona kubatanidzwa mune zvinomera zvezvirimwa zvine chekuita nekudzoreredza uye kudzikamisa maitiro, FT-IR spectroscopy yakaitwa (JASCO spectrometer muhuwandu hwe4000-600 cm-1). Pamusoro pezvo, zeta inogona analyzer (Zetasizer Nano ZS Malvern) yakashandiswa kudzidza kubhadharisa kwepamusoro kweiyo synthesized nanomaterials. Pa X-ray diffraction zviyero zvepoda nanomaterials, X-ray diffractometer (X'PERT PRO, Netherlands) yakashandiswa, ichishanda pazvino (40 mA), voltage (45 kV) mu2θ kubva pa20 ° kusvika 80. ° uye CuKa1 mwaranzi (\(\lambda =\ ) 1.54056 Ao). Iyo simba inoparadzira X-ray spectrometer (EDX) (modhi JEOL JSM-IT100) yaive nebasa rekudzidza iyo yekutanga kuumbwa pakuunganidza Al K-α monochromatic X-rays kubva -10 kusvika 1350 eV paXPS, saizi yemavara 400 μm K-ALPHA (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) simba rekufambiswa kweiyo yakazara spectrum i200 eV uye nhete inosvika makumi mashanu eV. Sampu yehupfu inotsikirirwa pane imwe sampuli inobata, iyo inoiswa mukamuri yekutsvaira. Iyo C 1 s spectrum yakashandiswa sereferensi pa284.58 eV kuona iyo inosunga simba.
Adsorption miyedzo yakaitwa kuyedza kushanda kweiyo synthesized rGO/nZVI nanocomposites mukubvisa doxycycline (DC) kubva kune aqueous solutions. Adsorption miedzo yakaitwa mu 25 ml Erlenmeyer flasks pakukurumidza kuzunungusa kwe200 rpm pane orbital shaker (Stuart, Orbital Shaker / SSL1) pa 298 K. Nekudzikisa iyo DC stock solution (1000 ppm) nemvura ine bidistilled. Kuongorora maitiro eiyo rGO/nSVI dhizaini pane adsorption kunyatsoita, nanocomposites yehuremu hwakasiyana (0.01-0.07 g) yakawedzerwa ku20 ml yeDC mhinduro. Kuti udzidze kinetics uye adsorption isotherms, 0.05 g ye adsorbent yakanyudzwa mune aqueous solution yeCD nekutanga kuisa (25-100 mg L-1). Mhedzisiro yepH pakubviswa kweDC yakadzidzwa papH (3-11) uye yekutanga kusangana kwe50 mg L-1 pa25 ° C. Gadzirisa pH yegadziriro nekuwedzera zvishoma zveHCl kana NaOH mhinduro (Crison pH mita, pH mita, pH 25). Pamusoro pezvo, pesvedzero yetembiricha yekuita pane adsorption kuyedza mumhando ye25-55 ° C yakaongororwa. Mhedzisiro yesimba reionic pane adsorption process yakadzidzwa nekuwedzera kwakasiyana siyana kweNaCl (0.01-4 mol L-1) panguva yekutanga kusangana kweDC ye50 mg L-1, pH 3 uye 7), 25 ° C, uye adsorbent dose ye0.05 g. Iyo adsorption yeisina-adsorbed DC yakayerwa pachishandiswa dual danda UV-Vis spectrophotometer (T70/T80 series, PG Instruments Ltd, UK) ine 1.0 cm nzira kureba quartz cuvettes pahupamhi hwewavelengths (λmax) ye270 uye 350 nm. Kubviswa kwezana muzana kweDC mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya (R%; Eq. 1) uye huwandu hweadsorption yeDC, qt, Eq. 2 (mg/g) yakayerwa pachishandiswa equation inotevera.
uko %R iri iyo DC yekubvisa simba (%), Co ndiyo yekutanga DC yekumisikidzwa panguva 0, uye C ndiyo DC yepakati panguva t, zvichiteerana (mg L-1).
apo qe ihwo huwandu hweDC yakashambadzirwa paunit mass ye adsorbent (mg g-1), Co uye Ce ndiyo yakasungirirwa panguva zero uye panguva yakaenzana, zvichiteerana (mg l-1), V ndiyo mhinduro vhoriyamu (l) , uye m ndiyo adsorption mass reagent (g).
SEM mifananidzo (Figs. 2A–C) inoratidza lamellar morphology yerGO/nZVI inoumbwa ine spherical iron nanoparticles akaparadzirwa zvakafanana pamusoro payo, zvichiratidza kubatanidzwa kwakabudirira kweNZVI NPs kurGO pamusoro. Mukuwedzera, kune mamwe makwinya mushizha rerGO, kusimbisa kubviswa kwemapoka ane okisijeni panguva imwe chete nekudzorerwa kweA. halimus GO. Aya makwinya mahombe anoita senzvimbo dzekushanda kurodha kwesimbi NPs. NZVI mifananidzo (Fig. 2D-F) yakaratidza kuti spherical iron NPs dzaive dzakapararira uye hadzina kuungana, izvo zvinokonzerwa nekupfekedzwa kwemhando ye botanical zvikamu zvechirimwa. Iyo particle size yakasiyana mukati me15-26 nm. Nekudaro, mamwe matunhu ane mesoporous morphology ane chimiro chebulges uye cavities, iyo inogona kupa yakakwirira inoshanda adsorption kugona kweNZVI, sezvo vachigona kuwedzera mukana wekuteya DC mamorekuru pamusoro peNZVI. Apo Rosa Damascus extract yakashandiswa pakugadzirwa kweNZVI, maNPs akawanikwa akanga asina kufanana, ane voids uye maumbirwo akasiyana, izvo zvakaderedza kushanda kwavo muCr (VI) adsorption uye kuwedzera nguva yekuita 23. Mhedzisiro yacho inopindirana neNZVI yakagadzirwa kubva muoki uye mashizha emuhabhurosi, ayo ari kunyanya spherical nanoparticles ane akasiyana nanometer saizi pasina kubatanidzwa kuri pachena.
SEM mifananidzo ye rGO/nZVI (AC), nZVI (D, E) compposites uye EDX mapatani enZVI/rGO (G) and nZVI (H) composite.
The elemental composition of plant-synthesized rGO/nZVI uye nZVI macomposites akadzidzwa pachishandiswa EDX (Fig. 2G, H). Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti NZVI inoumbwa nekabhoni (38.29% nehukuru), okisijeni (47.41% nehukuru) uye iron (11.84% nehukuru), asi zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita sephosphorous24 zviripo, zvinogona kuwanikwa kubva muzvirimwa. Uye zvakare, iyo yakakwira muzana yekabhoni uye okisijeni inokonzerwa nekuvapo kwe phytochemicals kubva kune zvinomera zvinomera mu subsurface NZVI samples. Zvinhu izvi zvakagovaniswa zvakaenzana parGO asi muzvikamu zvakasiyana: C (39.16 wt %), O (46.98 wt %) ne Fe (10.99 wt %), EDX rGO/nZVI inoratidzawo kuvapo kwezvimwe zvinhu zvakaita seS, izvo inogona kubatanidzwa nemashizha emiti, anoshandiswa. Ikozvino C:O ratio uye iron yemukati murGO/nZVI composite uchishandisa A. halimus iri nani pane kushandisa eucalyptus yeshizha inotorwa, sezvo inotaridza kuumbwa kweC (23.44 wt.%), O (68.29 wt.%) uye Fe (8.27 wt.%). wt %) 25. Nataša et al., 2022 vakashuma zvakafanana elemental kuumbwa kweNZVI akagadzirwa kubva muoki nemurubheri mashizha uye akasimbisa kuti mapoka epolyphenol nemamwe mamorekuru ari mushizha anotorwa ndiwo ane chekuita nekuderedza.
Maumbirwo eNZVI akagadzirwa muzvirimwa (Fig. S2A,B) aive akaita denderedzwa uye asina kurongeka zvishoma, aine avhareji yehukuru hwe23.09 ± 3.54 nm, zvisinei kuti cheni dzakaunganidzwa dzakaonekwa nekuda kwemasimba evan der Waals uye ferromagnetism. Izvi zvakanyanya granular uye spherical particle chimiro chiri muchibvumirano chakanaka neSEM mhedzisiro. Kucherechedzwa kwakafanana kwakawanikwa naAbdelfatah et al. muna 2021 pakashandiswa shizha rebhinzi reCastor mukugadzira nZVI11. Ruelas tuberosa yeshizha inobvisa NPs inoshandiswa sechinhu chinoderedza muNZVI inewo chimiro che spherical ine dhayamita ye20 kusvika 40 nm26.
Hybrid rGO/nZVI composite TEM mifananidzo (Fig. S2C-D) yakaratidza kuti rGO is a basal plane ine marginal folds and wrinkles giving multiple loading sites for NZVI NPs; iyi lamellar morphology inosimbisawo kubudirira kwekugadzira rGO. Pamusoro pezvo, nZVI NPs ine spherical shape ine particle sizes kubva pa 5.32 kusvika 27 nm uye yakanyudzwa murGO layer ine inenge yakafanana kupararira. Eucalyptus mashizha emashizha akashandiswa kugadzira Fe NPs/rGO; Mhedzisiro yeTEM yakasimbisawo kuti makwinya ari murGO layer akavandudza kupararira kweFe NPs kupfuura yakachena Fe NPs uye yakawedzera reactivity yemakompositi. Migumisiro yakafanana yakawanikwa naBagheri et al. 28 apo musanganiswa wakagadzirwa uchishandisa ultrasonic matekiniki ane avhareji iron nanoparticle saizi ingangoita 17.70 nm.
The FTIR spectra of A. halimus, nZVI, GO, rGO, uye rGO/nZVI composite anoratidzwa muFigs. 3A. Kuvapo kwemapoka ekushanda kwepamusoro mumashizha eA. halimus anoonekwa pa 3336 cm-1, iyo inofananidzwa ne polyphenols, uye 1244 cm-1, iyo inofananidzwa nemapoka e carbonyl anogadzirwa neprotein. Mamwe mapoka akadai se alkanes pa 2918 cm-1, alkenes pa 1647 cm-1 uye CO-O-CO ekuwedzera pa 1030 cm-1 akaonekwa zvakare, zvichiratidza kuvepo kwezvinomera zvinorimwa zvinoshanda seanosunga zvisimbiso uye zvine basa rekupora. kubva kuFe2+ kuenda kuFe0 uye ENDA kune rGO29. Muzhinji, iyo NZVI spectra inoratidza yakafanana kunyura nhongonya seshuga inovava, asi ine chinzvimbo chakachinja zvishoma. Bhendi rakasimba rinoonekwa pa 3244 cm-1 rakabatana neOH stretching vibrations (phenols), peak pa1615 inoenderana neC = C, uye mabhandi ari pa1546 uye 1011 cm-1 anosimuka nekuda kwekutambanudza kweC = O (polyphenols uye flavonoids) , CN -mapoka emamines anonhuhwirira uye aliphatic amines akaonekwawo pa 1310 cm-1 uye 1190 cm-1, maererano13. Iyo FTIR spectrum yeGO inoratidza kuvepo kweakawanda e-high-intensity-ane-okisijeni mapoka, kusanganisira iyo alkoxy (CO) inotambanudza bhendi pa1041 cm-1, iyo epoxy (CO) inotambanudza bhendi pa1291 cm-1, C = O kutambanudza. bhendi reC = C rinotambanudza kudengenyeka pa 1619 cm-1, bhendi pa 1708 cm-1 uye bhendi rakafara reOH boka rinotambanudza kudengenyeka pa 3384 cm-1 rakaonekwa, izvo zvinosimbiswa nekuvandudzwa kweHummers nzira, iyo inobudirira oxidizes graphite process. Kana tichienzanisa rGO nerGO/nZVI maumbirwo ane GO spectra, kusimba kwemamwe mapoka ane oxygen, akadai seOH pa 3270 cm-1, akadzikira zvakanyanya, nepo mamwe, akadai seC=O pa1729 cm-1, akakwana. kuderedzwa. yakanyangarika, zvichiratidza kubviswa kwakabudirira kweakisijeni-ine mapoka anoshanda muGO neA. halimus extract. Hutsva hutsva hunopinza hwepamusoro hwe rGO paC = C tension inocherechedzwa kutenderera 1560 uye 1405 cm-1, izvo zvinotsigira kudzikiswa kweGO kuenda kurGO. Kusiyana kubva ku1043 kusvika ku1015 cm-1 uye kubva ku982 kusvika ku918 cm-1 yakaonekwa, zvichida nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kwemiti yemiti31,32. Weng et al., 2018 yakacherekedzawo kuderedzwa kwakakosha kweiyo oxygenated inoshanda mapoka muGO, ichisimbisa kuumbwa kwakabudirira kwerGO ne bioreduction, sezvo eucalyptus mashizha emashizha, ayo akashandiswa kugadzira yakaderedzwa iron graphene oxide composite, yakaratidza padyo FTIR spectra yechirimwa chikamu. mapoka anoshanda. 33 .
A. FTIR spectrum ye gallium, nZVI, rGO, GO, composite rGO/nZVI (A). Roentgenogrammy composites rGO, GO, nZVI uye rGO/nZVI (B).
Kuumbwa kwerGO/nZVI nenZVI macomposites kwakasimbiswa zvakanyanya neX-ray diffraction mapatani (Fig. 3B). A high-intensity Fe0 peak yakaonekwa pa 2Ɵ 44.5 °, inoenderana ne index (110) (JCPDS no. 06-0696)11. Imwe yepamusoro pa 35.1 ° ye (311) ndege inonzi magnetite Fe3O4, 63.2 ° inogona kusanganiswa neMiller index ye (440) ndege nekuda kwekuvapo kwe ϒ-FeOOH (JCPDS no. 17-0536)34. Iyo X-ray pateni yeGO inoratidza kukwirisa kwakapinza pa 2Ɵ 10.3 ° uye imwe yepamusoro pa21.1 °, ichiratidza exfoliation yakakwana yegraphite uye kuratidza kuvepo kwemapoka ane oxygen pamusoro peGO35. Composite mapatani erGO nerGO/nZVI yakanyora kutsakatika kwehunhu hweGO peaks uye kuumbwa kwehupamhi hwepamusoro hwerGO pa2Ɵ 22.17 uye 24.7° yerGO nerGO/nZVI composite, zvichiteerana, izvo zvakasimbisa kudzoreredzwa kweGO nezvinomera chirimwa. Zvakadaro, mumubatanidzwa werGO/nZVI pateni, mamwe mapeaks ane chekuita nelattice plane yeFe0 (110) uye bcc Fe0 (200) akaonekwa pa44.9\(^\circ\) uye 65.22\(^\circ\), zvichiteerana. .
Iyo zeta inogoneka ndiyo inogoneka pakati peionic layer yakanamirwa pamusoro pechikamu uye ine aqueous mhinduro inosarudza iyo electrostatic maitiro echinhu uye inoyera kugadzikana kwayo37. Zeta inogona kuongororwa yezvinomera-yakagadzirwa nZVI, GO, uye rGO/nZVI composites yakaratidza kugadzikana kwavo nekuda kwekuvapo kwemhosva dzisina kunaka dze -20.8, -22, uye -27.4 mV, maererano, pamusoro pavo, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo S1A- C. . Mhedzisiro yakadaro inowirirana nemishumo yakati wandei inotaura kuti mhinduro dzine zvimedu zvine zeta zvingave zvakakosha zvisingasviki -25 mV zvinowanzoratidza kugadzikana kwepamusoro nekuda kwekudzorwa kwemagetsi pakati pezvimedu izvi. Musanganiswa we rGO ne NZVI unobvumira iyo composite kuwana mamwe machaji asina kunaka uye nekudaro ine kugadzikana kwepamusoro pane GO kana NZVI chete. Naizvozvo, chiitiko che electrostatic repulsion chinozotungamira mukuumbwa kweakagadzikana rGO/nZVI39 macomposites. Iyo yakaipa pamusoro peGO inobvumira kuti iparadzirwe zvakaenzana mumvura ine mvura isina agglomeration, izvo zvinogadzira mamiriro akanaka ekudyidzana neNZVI. Mhosva yakashata inogona kunge yakabatana nekuvapo kwemapoka akasiyana anoshanda mune inovava melon inobvisa, iyo inosimbisawo kudyidzana pakati peGO nesimbi precursors uye chirimwa chinobviswa kugadzira rGO uye NZVI, zvichiteerana, uye rGO/nZVI yakaoma. Izvi zvinomera zvinomera zvinogonawo kuita se capping agents, sezvo zvichidzivirira kusanganiswa kwezvinoguma nanoparticles uye nokudaro kuwedzera kugadzikana kwavo40.
The elemental composition and valence states of NZVI nerGO/nZVI composite zvakatemwa neXPS (Fig. 4). Ongororo yeXPS yese yakaratidza kuti rGO/nZVI composite inonyanya kuumbwa nezvinhu C, O, uye Fe, zvinofambirana neEDS mepu (Fig. 4F–H). Iyo C1s spectrum ine mapeaks matatu pa284.59 eV, 286.21 eV uye 288.21 eV inomiririra CC, CO uye C=O, zvichiteerana. O1s spectrum yakakamurwa kuita nhongonya nhatu, kusanganisira 531.17 eV, 532.97 eV, uye 535.45 eV, iyo yakagoverwa kuO=CO, CO, uye NO mapoka, zvichiteerana. Zvisinei, nhongonya dziri pa710.43, 714.57 uye 724.79 eV dzinoreva Fe 2p3/2, Fe+3 uye Fe p1/2, zvichiteerana. Iyo XPS spectra yenZVI (Fig. 4C-E) yakaratidza mikwiro yezvikamu C, O, uye Fe. Peaks pa284.77, 286.25, uye 287.62 eV inosimbisa kuvapo kwesimbi-carbon alloys, sezvavanotaura kuCC, C-OH, uye CO, maererano. O1s spectrum yaienderana nenhongonya nhatu C-O/iron carbonate (531.19 eV), hydroxyl radical (532.4 eV) uye O-C=O (533.47 eV). Peak pa719.6 inonzi Fe0, nepo FeOOH ichiratidza mapeaks pa717.3 uye 723.7 eV, kuwedzera, iyo peak pa725.8 eV inoratidza kuvepo kweFe2O342.43.
Zvidzidzo zveXPS zvenZVI uye rGO/nZVI macomposites, zvichiteerana (A, B). Chimiro chakazara chenZVI C1s (C), Fe2p (D), uye O1s (E) uye rGO/nZVI C1s (F), Fe2p (G), O1s (H) composite.
N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm (Fig. 5A, B) inoratidza kuti nZVI nerGO/nZVI composite ndezverudzi rwechipiri. Mukuwedzera, iyo chaiyo nzvimbo (SBET) yeNZVI yakawedzera kubva ku47.4549 kusvika ku152.52 m2 / g mushure mekupofumadza neRGO. Mhedzisiro iyi inogona kutsanangurwa nekudzikira kwemagineti eNZVI mushure mekupofumadza kweRGO, nekudaro ichidzikisa kuunganidzwa kwechikamu uye kuwedzera nzvimbo yenzvimbo dzemacomposites. Mukuwedzera, sezvakaratidzwa muFig. 5C, pore volume (8.94 nm) yerGO/nZVI composite yakakwirira kudarika yepakutanga NZVI (2.873 nm). Ichi chigumisiro chiri muchibvumirano naEl-Monaem et al. 45 .
Kuti uongorore adsorption kukwanisa kubvisa DC pakati pe rGO / nZVI composites uye yepakutanga NZVI zvichienderana nekuwedzera kwekutanga kwekutanga, kuenzanisa kwakaitwa nekuwedzera chiyero chenguva dzose chega yega adsorbent (0.05 g) kuDC pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvekutanga. Yakaongororwa mhinduro [25]. -100 mg l–1] pa25°C. Zvigumisiro zvakaratidza kuti kubvisa zvakanaka (94.6%) kwerGO/nZVI composite kwaive kwakakwirira kudarika yepakutanga NZVI (90%) pamwero wakaderera (25 mg L-1). Zvisinei, apo chiyero chekutanga chakawedzerwa kusvika ku100 mg L-1, kubviswa kweRGO/NZVI uye NZVI yevabereki kwakaderera kusvika ku70% uye 65%, maererano (Mufananidzo 6A), izvo zvingave zvichikonzerwa nenzvimbo shomanana dzinoshanda uye kuderedzwa kwe nZVI zvimedu. Zvakasiyana, rGO/nZVI yakaratidza kushanda kwepamusoro kwekubvisa DC, izvo zvinogona kunge zvakakonzerwa nekubatana pakati peRGO neNZVI, umo nzvimbo dzakagadzikana dziripo dzeadsorption dzakakwirira zvikuru, uye kana iri rGO/nZVI, zvimwe. DC inogona kushambadzwa pane intact NZVI. Mukuwedzera, mumuonde. 6B inoratidza kuti adsorption capacity yerGO/nZVI uye NZVI composites yakawedzera kubva pa9.4 mg/g kusvika 30 mg/g uye 9 mg/g, zvichiteerana, nekuwedzera kwekutanga kusungwa kubva pa25–100 mg/L. -1.1 kusvika 28.73 mg g-1. Naizvozvo, iyo DC yekubvisa mwero waive wakabatana zvisina kunaka neyekutanga DC kusungwa, izvo zvakakonzerwa nehuwandu hushoma hwenzvimbo dzekuita dzinotsigirwa nechero adsorbent yeadsorption uye kubviswa kweDC mumhinduro. Saka, zvinogona kugumiswa kubva pane izvi zvawanikwa kuti rGO/nZVI macomposites ane hunyanzvi hwekushambadza nekudzikisira, uye rGO mukuumbwa kwerGO/nZVI inogona kushandiswa ese adsorbent uye semutakuri zvinhu.
Kugona kwekubvisa uye DC adsorption capacity yerGO/nZVI nenZVI composite yaiva (A, B) [Co = 25 mg l-1–100 mg l-1, T = 25 °C, dose = 0.05 g], pH. pane adsorption capacity uye DC kubvisa kunyatsoshanda parGO/nZVI composites (C) [Co = 50 mg L–1, pH = 3–11, T = 25°C, dose = 0.05 g].
Solution pH chinhu chakakosha mukudzidza kweadsorption maitiro, nekuti inokanganisa dhigirii reionization, speciation, uye ionization yeiyo adsorbent. Kuedza kwakaitwa pa25 ° C neanogara adsorbent dose (0.05 g) uye yekutanga ye50 mg L-1 mu pH range (3-11). Zvinoenderana nekuongorora kwemabhuku46, DC iamphiphilic molecule ine akati wandei ionzable mashandiro mapoka (phenols, amino mapoka, doro) pamazinga akasiyana epH. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mabasa akasiyana-siyana eDC uye zvimiro zvine hukama zviri pamusoro peRGO/nZVI composite inogona kudyidzana nemagetsi uye inogona kuvepo semacations, zwitterions, uye anions, iyo DC molecule iripo se cationic (DCH3+) pa pH <3.3, zwitterionic (DCH20) 3.3 <pH <7.7 uye anionic (DCH− kana DC2-) paPH 7.7. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mabasa akasiyana-siyana eDC uye zvimiro zvine hukama zviri pamusoro peRGO/nZVI composite inogona kudyidzana nemagetsi uye inogona kuvepo semacations, zwitterions, uye anions, iyo DC molecule iripo se cationic (DCH3+) pa pH <3.3, zwitterionic (DCH20) 3.3 <pH <7.7 uye anionic (DCH- kana DC2-) paPH 7.7. В результате различные функции ДК и связанных с ними структур на поверхности композита пункции ДК и связанных с ними структур на поверхности композита пункции ДК и связанных с ними структур на поверхности композита пункции ДК и связанных с ними структур на поверхности композита в заимодействовать электствовать электровие нов, цвиттер-ионов и анионов, молекула ДК существует в виде катиона (DCH3+) при рН < 3,3, цвиттер-- ионный (DCH20) 3,3 < pH < 7,7 и анионный (DCH- или DC2-) при pH 7,7. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mabasa akasiyana-siyana eDC uye zvimiro zvine hukama pamusoro peiyo rGO/nZVI composite inogona kupindirana nemagetsi uye inogona kuvapo muchimiro che cations, zwitterions, uye anions; iyo DC molecule iripo se cation (DCH3+) pa pH <3.3; ionic (DCH20) 3.3 <pH <7.7 uye anionic (DCH- kana DC2-) papH 7.7.因此，DC 的各子种功能和rGO/nZVI 复合材料表面的相关结构可能会发生黙电相互作用，并离开、绝绝绝福。形式存在，DC 分子在pH < 3.3 时以阳离子(DCH3+) 的形式存在，两性离子(DCH20) 3.3 <pH <7.7 和阴离子(DCH- 或DC2-) 在PH 7.7.因此 , dc 的 种 功能 和 和 和 复合 材料 表面 的相关 结构 可能 发生 静生 静生 相关 结构性 和 阴离子 形式 ， dc 分子 在 pH <3.3 时 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 (dch3+) 形式存在，两性离子(DCH20) 3.3 <pH <7.7 和阴离子(DCH- 或DC2-) 在PH 7.7. Следовательно, различные функции ДК и родственных им структур на поверхности композита rGO/nZVI могут вступать вступать им структур на поверхности rGO/nZVI могут вступать вступать вступать вступать вступать вступать вступать в электуктустевие катионов, цвиттер-ионов и анионов, а молекулы ДК являются катионными (ДЦГ3+) при рН < 3,3. Naizvozvo, mabasa akasiyana-siyana eDC uye zvimiro zvine hukama pamusoro peiyo rGO/nZVI composite inogona kupinda mukudyidzana kwemagetsi uye kuvapo muchimiro chemacations, zwitterion, uye anions, nepo DC mamorekuru ari cationic (DCH3+) pa pH <3.3. Он существует в виде цвиттер-иона (DCH20) при 3,3 < pH <7,7 and аниона (DCH- или DC2-) при pH 7,7. Iripo sezwitterion (DCH20) pa3.3 <pH <7.7 uye anion (DCH- kana DC2-) papH 7.7.Nekuwedzera kwepH kubva ku3 kusvika ku7, kukwanisa kweadsorption uye kubudirira kwekubviswa kweDC kwakawedzera kubva ku11.2 mg / g (56%) kusvika ku17 mg / g (85%) (Fig. 6C). Nekudaro, sezvo iyo pH yakawedzera kusvika ku9 uye 11, iyo adsorption kugona uye kubviswa kwekuita kwakadzikira zvishoma, kubva pa10.6 mg/g (53%) kusvika 6 mg/g (30%), zvichiteerana. Nekuwedzera kwepH kubva pa3 kusvika pa7, maDC ainyanya kuvepo ari muchimiro chezwitterion, izvo zvakaita kuti aite kunge asiri emagetsi anokwezva kana kusemburwa nerGO/nZVI macomposites, kunyanya nemagetsi emagetsi. Sezvo pH yakawedzera pamusoro pe8.2, pamusoro peiyo adsorbent yakachajiswa zvisina kunaka, nokudaro kugona kweadsorption kwakadzikira nekudzikira nekuda kwekukwenya kwemagetsi pakati pedoxycycline ine chaji isina kunaka uye pamusoro peiyo adsorbent. Mafambiro aya anoratidza kuti DC adsorption parGO/nZVI macomposites anoenderana nepH, uye zvabuda zvinoratidzawo kuti rGO/nZVI macomposites akakodzera se adsorbents pasi peacidic uye nekwaakarerekera.
Mhedzisiro yekushisa pane adsorption yeaqueous solution yeDC yakaitwa pa (25-55 ° C). Mufananidzo 7A unoratidza mhedzisiro yekuwedzera tembiricha pakubvisa zvakanaka kweDC maantibiotics parGO/nZVI, zviri pachena kuti kugona kwekubvisa uye adsorption kugona kwakawedzera kubva pa83.44% uye 13.9 mg/g kusvika 47% uye 7.83 mg/g. , zvichiteerana. Uku kuderera kwakakosha kungave kwakakonzerwa nekuwedzera kwesimba rekupisa kweDC ions, izvo zvinotungamira ku desorption47.
Mhedzisiro yeTembiricha paKubvisa Kushanda uye Adsorption Capacity yeCD parGO/nZVI Composites (A) [Co = 50 mg L–1, pH = 7, Dose = 0.05 g], Adsorbent Dose paKubvisa Kubudirira uye Kubvisa Kushanda kweCD Effect of Chekutanga Kuisa pfungwa pane adsorption kugona uye kugona kweDC kubvisa pane rGO/nSVI composite (B) [Co = 50 mg L–1, pH = 7, T = 25°C] (C, D) [Co = 25–100 mg L–1, pH = 7, T = 25 °C, dose = 0.05 g].
Mhedzisiro yekuwedzera muyero weiyo composite adsorbent rGO/nZVI kubva 0.01 g kusvika 0.07 g pakubvisa kwekuita uye adsorption kugona kunoratidzwa muFig. 7B. Kuwedzera kweyero ye adsorbent kwakakonzera kuderera kweiyo adsorption simba kubva 33.43 mg / g kusvika 6.74 mg / g. Nekudaro, nekuwedzera kweiyo adsorbent dose kubva ku0.01 g kusvika 0.07 g, kubviswa kwekubudirira kunowedzera kubva ku66.8% kusvika 96%, iyo, maererano, inogona kusanganiswa nekuwedzera kwenhamba yenzvimbo dzinoshanda pane nanocomposite.
Mhedzisiro yekutanga yekuisa paadsorption simba uye kubviswa kwekubudirira [25-100 mg L-1, 25 ° C, pH 7, dose 0.05 g] yakadzidzwa. Apo chiyero chekutanga chakawedzerwa kubva ku 25 mg L-1 kusvika ku100 mg L-1, chikamu chekubvisa chikamu cheRGO / nZVI chakaderera kubva ku94.6% kusvika ku65% (Fig. 7C), zvichida nekuda kwekushayikwa kwekuda kushanda. nzvimbo. . Adsorbs yakakura kuwanda kweDC49. Kune rumwe rutivi, sezvo kuwedzera kwekutanga kwakawedzera, simba rekushambadza rakawedzerawo kubva ku9.4 mg / g kusvika ku30 mg / g kusvikira kuenzana kwasvika (Fig. 7D). Izvi zvisingadzivisiki kuita kunokonzerwa nekuwedzera kwesimba rekutyaira nekutanga DC concentration yakakura kupfuura DC ion mass transfer resistance kusvika pamusoro pe50 yerGO/nZVI composite.
Nguva yekuonana uye kinetic zvidzidzo zvinovavarira kunzwisisa iyo yakaenzana nguva yeadsorption. Chekutanga, huwandu hweDC yakashambadzirwa panguva yekutanga 40 maminetsi enguva yekusangana yaive ingangoita hafu yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwakashambadzirwa mukati menguva yese (100 maminetsi). Nepo mamorekuru eDC ari mumhinduro achibonderana zvichiita kuti akurumidze kutamira pamusoro peRGO/nZVI composite zvichikonzera kushambadza kwakakosha. Mushure memaminitsi makumi mana, DC adsorption yakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvishoma nezvishoma kusvikira kuenzana kwakasvika mushure memaminitsi makumi matanhatu (Fig. 7D). Sezvo mari inonzwisisika ichishambadzirwa mukati memaminitsi makumi mana ekutanga, pachava nekudhumhana kudiki nemamolekemu eDC uye nzvimbo shoma dzinoshanda dzichawanikwa kune asiri-adsorbed mamorekuru. Naizvozvo, iyo adsorption rate inogona kudzikiswa51.
Kuti unzwisise zviri nani adsorption kinetics, mitsetse yemitsara yepseudo yekutanga kurongeka (Fig. 8A), pseudo yechipiri kurongeka (Fig. 8B), uye Elovich (Fig. 8C) kinetic models dzakashandiswa. Kubva pamatanho akawanikwa kubva kuzvidzidzo zvekinetic (Tafura S1), zvinova pachena kuti pseudosecond modhi ndiyo yakanakisa modhi yekutsanangura adsorption kinetics, uko kukosha kweR2 kwakaiswa kumusoro kupfuura mune mamwe mamodheru maviri. Pane zvakare kufanana pakati peakaverengerwa adsorption masimba (qe, cal). Iyo pseudo-yechipiri kurongeka uye maitiro ekuyedza (qe, exp.) humwe humbowo hwekuti pseudo-yechipiri kurongeka imhando iri nani pane mamwe mamodheru. Sezvinoratidzwa muTebhurari 1, kukosha kwe α (yekutanga adsorption rate) uye β (desorption constant) inosimbisa kuti adsorption rate yakakwirira kudarika desorption rate, zvichiratidza kuti DC inowanzoita adsorb zvakanaka pane rGO/nZVI52 composite. .
Linear adsorption kinetic plots of pseudo-second order (A), pseudo-first order (B) uye Elovich (C) [Co = 25–100 mg l-1, pH = 7, T = 25 °C, dose = 0.05 g ].
Zvidzidzo zve adsorption isotherms zvinobatsira kuona adsorption kugona kweiyo adsorbent (RGO/nRVI composite) pane akasiyana adsorbate concentrations (DC) uye system tembiricha. Iyo yakanyanya adsorption kugona yakaverengerwa uchishandisa Langmuir isotherm, iyo yakaratidza kuti adsorption yaive homogeneous uye yaisanganisira kuumbwa kweadsorbate monolayer pamusoro peiyo adsorbent pasina kudyidzana pakati pavo53. Mamwe maviri anoshandiswa zvakanyanya isotherm modhi ndeye Freundlich uye Temkin modhi. Kunyangwe iyo Freundlich modhi isingashandiswe kuverenga iyo adsorption kugona, inobatsira kunzwisisa iyo heterogeneous adsorption process uye kuti vacancies pane adsorbent ine akasiyana masimba, nepo Temkin modhi ichibatsira kunzwisisa iyo yemuviri uye makemikari zvimiro zve adsorption54.
Nhamba 9A-C inoratidza mitsara yemitsara yeLangmuir, Freindlich, uye Temkin modhi, zvichiteerana. Iwo maR2 values akaverengerwa kubva kuFreundlich (Fig. 9A) neLangmuir (Fig. 9B) line plots uye akaunzwa muTable 2 anoratidza kuti DC adsorption parGO/nZVI composite inotevera Freundlich (0.996) uye Langmuir (0.988) isotherm (0.988) mhando uye Temkin (0.985). Iyo yakanyanya adsorption kugona (qmax), yakaverengerwa uchishandisa Langmuir isotherm modhi, yaive 31.61 mg g-1. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo yakaverengerwa kukosha kweiyo dimensionless separation factor (RL) iri pakati pe0 ne1 (0.097), zvichiratidza nzira yakanaka yekushambadza. Zvikasadaro, iyo yakaverengerwa Freundlich yenguva dzose (n = 2.756) inoratidza sarudzo yeiyi nzira yekunyudza. Zvinoenderana neiyo mutsara modhi yeTemkin isotherm (Fig. 9C), kushambadza kweDC parGO/nZVI composite inzira yekushambadza yenyama, sezvo b iri ˂ 82 kJ mol-1 (0.408)55. Kunyange zvazvo kushambadza kwemuviri kunowanzo kupindirana nemasimba asina simba van der Waals, yakananga ikozvino adsorption parGO/nZVI composites inoda yakaderera adsorption simba [56, 57].
Freundlich (A), Langmuir (B), uye Temkin (C) linear adsorption isotherms [Co = 25-100 mg L-1, pH = 7, T = 25 °C, dose = 0.05 g]. Plot of the van't Hoff equation yeDC adsorption nerGO/nZVI composites (D) [Co = 25–100 mg l-1, pH = 7, T = 25–55 °C uye dose = 0.05 g].
Kuongorora mhedzisiro yekuchinja kwekushisa kwekuchinja paDC kubviswa kubva kurGO/nZVI composites, thermodynamic parameters senge entropy change (ΔS), enthalpy shanduko (ΔH), uye mahara simba shanduko (ΔG) zvakaverengerwa kubva kuequations. 3 uye 458.
uko \({K}_{e}\)=\(\frac{{C}_{Ae}}{{C}_{e}}\) - thermodynamic equilibrium constant, Ce and CAe - rGO in solution, zvakateerana /nZVI DC concentrations at surface equilibrium. R uye RT ndiyo gasi rinogara uye adsorption tembiricha, zvichiteerana. Kuronga ln Ke kupikisa 1/T kunopa mutsara wakatwasuka (Fig. 9D) kubva ipapo ∆S uye ∆H zvinogona kutsanangurwa.
A negative ΔH kukosha kunoratidza kuti iyo nzira ndeye exothermic. Kune rumwe rutivi, iyo ΔH kukosha iri mukati mekuita kwemaitiro adsorption. Negative ΔG maitiro muTable 3 inoratidza kuti adsorption inogoneka uye inongoerekana yaitika. Hunhu husina kunaka hwe ΔS hunoratidza kurongeka kwepamusoro kweadsorbent mamorekuru pane yemvura interface (Tafura 3).
Tafura 4 inofananidza iyo rGO/nZVI inoumbwa nemamwe adsorbents akashumwa mune zvakapfuura zvidzidzo. Zviri pachena kuti VGO/nCVI composite ine high adsorption capacity uye inogona kuva chinhu chinovimbisa kubviswa kweDC maantibioti kubva mumvura. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo adsorption yerGO/nZVI macomposites inzira yekukurumidza ine nguva yekuenzanisa ye60 min. Iyo yakanakisa adsorption zvimiro zverGO/nZVI macomposites anogona kutsanangurwa ne synergistic mhedzisiro yerGO neNZVI.
Mifananidzo 10A, B inoratidza nzira ine musoro yekubviswa kweDC mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya nerGO/nZVI uye nZVI complexes. Zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yezviyedzo pamhedzisiro yepH pakubudirira kweDC adsorption, nekuwedzera kwepH kubva pa3 kusvika pa7, DC adsorption parGO/nZVI composite haina kudzorwa nekuita kwemagetsi, sezvo yaiita sezwitterion; saka, kuchinja kwepH kukosha hakuna kukanganisa nzira yekushambadza. Zvadaro, iyo adsorption mechanism inogona kudzorwa neiyo isiri-electrostatic interactions yakadai sehydrogen bonding, hydrophobic effects, uye π-π stacking kupindirana pakati perGO/nZVI composite neDC66. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti magadzirirwo ezvinonhuhwirira adsorbates ari pamusoro peakaturikidzana graphene akatsanangurwa ne π–π stacking kupindirana sesimba guru rekutyaira. Iyo composite chinhu chakaturikidzana chakafanana negraphene ine absorption yakakura pa233 nm nekuda kweiyo π-π* shanduko. Zvichienderana nekuvapo kwezvindori zvina zvinonhuhwirira muchimiro chemolecular yeDC adsorbate, takafungidzira kuti pane nzira ye π-π-stacking yekudyidzana pakati peinonhuhwirira DC (π-electron inobvuma) uye dunhu rakapfuma mu π-electrons pa. iyo RGO pamusoro. /nZVI composites. Mukuwedzera, sezvinoratidzwa mufig. 10B, zvidzidzo zveFTIR zvakaitwa kuti zviongorore kusangana kwema molecular erGO/nZVI macomposites neDC, uye FTIR spectra yerGO/nZVI macomposites mushure meDC adsorption inoratidzwa muFigure 10B. 10b. Peak nyowani inocherechedzwa pa2111 cm-1, iyo inoenderana neiyo framework vibration yeC = C bond, iyo inoratidza kuvepo kweanoenderana organic functional mapoka pamusoro pe67 rGO/nZVI. Mamwe mapikisi anochinja kubva ku1561 kuenda ku1548 cm-1 uye kubva pa1399 kuenda ku1360 cm-1, izvo zvinosimbisawo kuti π-π kudyidzana kunoita basa rakakosha mukushambadza kwegraphene uye organic zvinosvibisa68,69. Mushure meDC adsorption, kusimba kwemamwe mapoka ane okisijeni, akadai seOH, akadzikira kusvika pa3270 cm-1, izvo zvinoratidza kuti hydrogen bonding ndiyo imwe yeadsorption nzira. Saka, zvichibva pane zvabuda, DC adsorption parGO/nZVI composite inoitika zvakanyanya nekuda kwe π-π stacking kudyidzana uye H-bond.
Rational mechanism of adsorption yeDC antibiotics nerGO/nZVI uye NZVI complexes (A). FTIR adsorption spectra of DC pa rGO/nZVI uye NZVI (B).
Kusimba kwemabhendi ekunyudza eNZVI pa3244, 1615, 1546, uye 1011 cm–1 kwakawedzera mushure meDC adsorption paNZVI (Fig. 10B) zvichienzaniswa neZVI, iyo inofanirwa kuenderana nekudyidzana nemapoka anogona kushanda ecarboxylic acid. O mapoka muDC. Nekudaro, iyi yakaderera muzana yekutapurirana mumabhendi ese akacherechedzwa inoratidza hapana shanduko yakakosha mukushambadza kweiyo phytosynthetic adsorbent (nZVI) zvichienzaniswa neZVI isati yaitwa adsorption process. Zvinoenderana netsvakiridzo yekubvisa DC nenZVI71, kana NZVI ikasangana neH2O, maerekitironi anoburitswa uyezve H+ inoshandiswa kugadzira haidhirojeni inodzikisika. Chekupedzisira, mamwe macommunication ecationic anogamuchira maerekitironi kubva kune inoshanda haidrojeni, zvichikonzera -C=N uye -C=C-, izvo zvinonzi zvakakonzerwa nekutsemuka kwemhete yebenzene.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-14-2022