Mumakore achangopfuura, kutarisisa kwakanyanya kwakabhadharwa kune supermaterial graphene. Asi chii chinonzi graphene? Eya, fungidzira chinhu chine simba zvakapetwa ka200 kupfuura simbi, asi chichireruka neka1000 pane bepa.
Muna 2004, masayendisiti maviri kubva kuYunivhesiti yeManchester, Andrei Geim naKonstantin Novoselov, "vakatamba" negraphite. Hongu, chinhu chimwe chete chaunowana pamuromo wepenzura. Vaida kuziva nezvezvinhu uye vaida kuziva kana zvaigona kubviswa muchikamu chimwe chete. Saka vakawana chishandiso chisina kujairika: tepi yedhizaini.
"Iwe unoisa [tepi] pamusoro pegraphite kana mica wobva wabvisa denga repamusoro," Heim akatsanangurira BBC. Graphite flakes inobhururuka kubva patepi. Zvadaro peta tepi muhafu uye uiise kune pepa repamusoro, wozoparadzanisa zvakare. Wobva wadzokorora kuita uku kagumi kana makumi maviri.
"Nguva imwe neimwe maflakes anodonha kuita matete uye matete flakes. Pakupedzisira, mafikisi akaonda kwazvo anoramba ari pabhandi. Iwe nyungusa tepi uye zvese zvinonyungudika.
Zvinoshamisa kuti tepi nzira yakashanda zvinoshamisa. Ichi chiyedzo chinonakidza chakatungamira mukuwanikwa kweimwe-layer graphene flakes.
Muna 2010, Heim naNovoselov vakagamuchira Mubairo weNobel muPhysics nokuda kwekuwana kwavo graphene, chinhu chinoumbwa nemaatomu ecarbon akarongwa mune hexagonal lattice, yakafanana newaya yehuku.
Chimwe chezvikonzero nei graphene ichishamisa chimiro chayo. Chikamu chimwe chete chepristine graphene chinoratidzika sechitubu chekabhoni maatomu akarongwa mune hexagonal lattice chimiro. Ichi chimiro cheatomic-scale chemuzinga chinopa graphene simba rayo rinokatyamadza.
Graphene inyanzvi yemagetsi. Patembiricha yemumba, inoitisa magetsi zviri nani kupfuura chero chinhu chipi zvacho.
Rangarira maatomu ecarbon atakakurukura? Zvakanaka, imwe neimwe ine imwe erekitironi inonzi pi electron. Erekitironi iyi inofamba yakasununguka, ichiibvumira kuita conduction kuburikidza nezvikamu zvakawanda zvegraphene pasina kushomeka.
Tsvagiridzo ichangoburwa mugraphene kuMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) yakawana chimwe chinhu chingangoita mashiripiti: kana iwe zvishoma (1.1 madhigirii chete) uchitenderedza maviri akaturikidzana egraphene kubva mukurongeka, graphene inova superconductor.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti inogona kuitisa magetsi pasina kupokana kana kupisa, ichivhura mikana inonakidza yeramangwana superconductivity pane tembiricha yekamuri.
Imwe yeanonyanya kutarisirwa mashandisirwo egraphene ari mumabhatiri. Nekuda kwekuita kwayo kwepamusoro, tinogona kugadzira mabhatiri egraphene anochaja nekukurumidza uye anogara kwenguva refu kupfuura emazuva ano mabhatiri e-lithium-ion.
Mamwe makambani makuru akadai seSamsung neHuawei akatotora nzira iyi, aine chinangwa chekuunza kufambira mberi uku mumidziyo yedu yemazuva ese.
"Panosvika 2024, tinotarisira kuti zvigadzirwa zvegraphene zvichave pamusika," akadaro Andrea Ferrari, director weCambridge Graphene Center uye muongorori paGraphene Flagship, chirongwa chinotungamirwa neEuropean Graphene. Iyo kambani iri kuisa 1 bhiriyoni euros muzvirongwa zvakabatana. mapurojekiti. Mubatanidzwa unomhanyisa kuvandudza tekinoroji yegraphene.
Vanotsvagisa veFlagship vari kutogadzira mabhatiri egraphene anopa 20% kuwedzera simba uye 15% simba rakawanda kupfuura mabhatiri emazuva ano ane simba guru. Zvimwe zvikwata zvakagadzira graphene-based solar cell ayo ari kushanda zvakanaka ne20 muzana pakushandura chiedza chezuva kuva magetsi.
Kunyange paine zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekutanga zvakashandisa mukana wegraphene, senge Head sports equipment, zvakanakisa zvichiri kuuya. Sezvakataurwa naFerrari: “Tinotaura nezvegraphene, asi kutaura zvazviri tiri kutaura nezvechiverengero chikuru chesarudzo dziri kudzidzwa. Zvinhu zviri kufamba negwara chairo.”
Ichi chinyorwa chakagadziridzwa pachishandiswa artificial intelligence tekinoroji, chokwadi-chakatariswa, uye chakagadziriswa neHowStuffWorks vapepeti.
Mugadziri wemidziyo yemitambo Musoro akashandisa izvi zvinoshamisa zvinhu. Graphene XT yavo tennis racket inoti i20% yakareruka pahuremu hwakafanana. Iyi ichokwadi shanduko tekinoroji!
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Nguva yekutumira: Nov-21-2023